LDAP

A lot of information on an AD domain can be obtained through LDAP. Most of the information can only be obtained with an authenticated bind but metadata (naming contexts, DNS server name, Domain Functional Level (DFL)) can be obtainable anonymously, even with anonymous binding disabled.

ldeep

The ldeep (Python) tool can be used to enumerate essential information like delegations, gpo, groups, machines, pso, trusts, users, and so on.

# remotely dump information 
ldeep ldap -u "$USER" -p "$PASSWORD" -d "$DOMAIN" -s ldap://"$DC_IP" all "ldeepdump/$DOMAIN"

# parse saved information (in this case, enumerate trusts)
ldeep cache -d "ldeepdump" -p "$DOMAIN" trusts

ldapsearch

The ldapsearch (C) tool can also be used.

# list naming contexts
ldapsearch -h "$DC_IP" -x -s base namingcontexts
ldapsearch -H "ldap://$DC_IP" -x -s base namingcontexts

# enumerate info in a base (e.g. naming context = DC=DOMAIN,DC=LOCAL)
ldapsearch -h "$DC_IP" -x -b "DC=DOMAIN,DC=LOCAL"
ldapsearch -H "ldap://$TARGET" -x -b "DC=DOMAIN,DC=LOCAL"

ldapsearch-ad

The ldapsearch-ad Python script can also be used to enumerate essential information like domain admins that have their password set to never expire, default password policies and the ones found in GPOs, trusts, kerberoastable accounts, and so on. ldapsearch-ad --type all --server $DOMAIN_CONTROLLER --domain $DOMAIN --username $USER --password $PASSWORD The FFL (Forest Functional Level), DFL (Domain Functional Level), DCFL (Domain Controller Functionality Level) and naming contexts can be listed with the following command. ldapsearch-ad --type info --server $DOMAIN_CONTROLLER --domain $DOMAIN --username $USER --password $PASSWORD

windapsearch

The windapsearch script (Go (preferred) or Python) can be used to enumerate basic but useful information.

# enumerate users (authenticated bind)
windapsearch -d $DOMAIN -u $USER -p $PASSWORD --dc $DomainController --module users

# enumerate users (anonymous bind)
windapsearch --dc $DomainController --module users

# obtain metadata (anonymous bind)
windapsearch --dc $DomainController --module metadata

ldapdomaindump

ldapdomaindump is an Active Directory information dumper via LDAP, outputting information in human-readable HTML files.

ldapdomaindump --user 'DOMAIN\USER' --password $PASSWORD --outdir ldapdomaindump $DOMAIN_CONTROLLER

ntlmrelayx

With Impacket's ntlmrelayx (Python), it is possible to gather lots of information regarding the domain users and groups, the computers, ADCS, etc. through a NTLM authentication relayed within an LDAP session.

ntlmrelayx -t "ldap://domaincontroller" --dump-adcs --dump-laps --dump-gmsa

NetExec (Python) also has useful modules that can be used to

• map information regarding AD-CS (Active Directory Certificate Services)

• show subnets listed in AD-SS (Active Directory Sites and Services)

• list the users description

• print the Machine Account Quota domain-level attribute's value

# list PKIs/CAs
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M adcs

# list subnets referenced in AD-SS
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M subnets

# machine account quota
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M maq

# users description
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M get-desc-users

The PowerShell equivalent to netexec's subnets modules is the following

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().Sites.Subnets

LDAP anonymous binding is usually disabled but it's worth checking. It could be handy to list the users and test for ASREProasting (since this attack needs no authentication).

Automation and scripting

• A more advanced LDAP enumeration can be carried out with BloodHound (see this).

• The enum4linux tool can also be used, among other things, for LDAP recon (see this).