LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS spoofing

MITRE ATT&CK™ Sub-technique T1557.001

In some environments (like Windows ones), multicast name resolution protocols are enabled by default, such as LLMNR (Local-Link Multicast Name Resolution), NBT-NS (NetBIOS Name Service) and mDNS (multicast Domain Name System). Those environments can fallback to those protocols when standard domain name resolution protocols fail. Windows systems attempt to resolve names in the following order: DNS, LLMNR and NBT-NS.

Attackers can then answer those multicast or broadcast queries. The victims are then redirected to the attacker asking them to authenticate in order to access whatever they ask for. Their authentication is then relayed.

Responder (Python) and Inveigh (Powershell) are great tools for name poisoning. In addition to name poisoning, they also have the ability to start servers (listeners) that will capture authentications and echo the NTLM hashes to the attacker. Another possibility would be to start similar listeners, and relay the NTLM authentications to other resources the attacker wants to access.

UNIX-like

The following command will make Responder analyze the network to see if LLMNR, NBT-NS and mDNS are used, and to inspect BROWSER requests.

responder --interface "eth0" --analyze
responder -I "eth0" -A

The following command will start LLMNR, NBTS and mDNS spoofing. Name resolution queries for the wpad server will be answered just like any other query. Fake authentication servers (HTTP/S, SMB, SQL, FTP, IMAP, POP3, DNS, LDAP, ...) will capture NTLM hashes.

responder --interface "eth0"
responder -I "eth0"

Windows

Resources

Protocoles NBT-NS, LLMNR et exploitation des failles - Rémi VERNIERRémi VERNIER

Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS PoisoningStern Security