The Hacker Recipes
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  • Introduction
  • Active Directory
    • Reconnaissance
      • DHCP
      • DNS
      • NBT-NS
      • Responder ⚙️
      • Port scanning
      • LDAP
      • BloodHound ⚙️
      • MS-RPC
      • enum4linux ⚙️
      • Password policy
    • Movement
      • Credentials
        • Dumping
          • SAM & LSA secrets
          • DPAPI secrets
          • NTDS secrets
          • LSASS secrets
          • DCSync
          • Group Policy Preferences
          • Network shares
          • Network protocols
          • Web browsers
          • In-memory secrets
          • Kerberos key list
          • 🛠️Cached Kerberos tickets
          • 🛠️Windows Credential Manager
          • 🛠️Local files
          • 🛠️Password managers
        • Cracking
        • Bruteforcing
          • Guessing
          • Spraying
          • Stuffing
        • Shuffling
        • Impersonation
      • MITM and coerced auths
        • ARP poisoning
        • DNS spoofing
        • DHCP poisoning
        • DHCPv6 spoofing
        • WSUS spoofing
        • LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS spoofing
        • ADIDNS poisoning
        • WPAD spoofing
        • MS-EFSR abuse (PetitPotam)
        • MS-RPRN abuse (PrinterBug)
        • MS-FSRVP abuse (ShadowCoerce)
        • MS-DFSNM abuse (DFSCoerce)
        • PushSubscription abuse
        • WebClient abuse (WebDAV)
        • 🛠️NBT Name Overwrite
        • 🛠️ICMP Redirect
        • 🛠️Living off the land
      • NTLM
        • Capture
        • Relay
        • Pass the hash
      • Kerberos
        • Pre-auth bruteforce
        • Pass the key
        • Overpass the hash
        • Pass the ticket
        • Pass the cache
        • Forged tickets
          • Silver tickets
          • Golden tickets
          • Diamond tickets
          • Sapphire tickets
          • RODC Golden tickets
          • MS14-068
        • ASREQroast
        • ASREProast
        • Kerberoast
        • Delegations
          • (KUD) Unconstrained
          • (KCD) Constrained
          • (RBCD) Resource-based constrained
          • S4U2self abuse
          • Bronze Bit
        • Shadow Credentials
        • UnPAC the hash
        • Pass the Certificate
        • sAMAccountName spoofing
        • SPN-jacking
      • DACL abuse
        • AddMember
        • ForceChangePassword
        • Targeted Kerberoasting
        • ReadLAPSPassword
        • ReadGMSAPassword
        • Grant ownership
        • Grant rights
        • Logon script
        • Rights on RODC object
      • Group policies
      • Trusts
      • Netlogon
        • ZeroLogon
      • Certificate Services (AD-CS)
        • Certificate templates
        • Certificate authority
        • Access controls
        • Unsigned endpoints
        • Certifried
      • SCCM / MECM
        • Privilege escalation
        • Post-exploitation
      • Exchange services
        • 🛠️PrivExchange
        • 🛠️ProxyLogon
        • 🛠️ProxyShell
      • Print Spooler Service
        • PrinterBug
        • PrintNightmare
      • Schannel
        • Pass the Certificate
      • Built-ins & settings
        • Security groups
        • MachineAccountQuota
        • Pre-Windows 2000 computers
        • RODC
    • Persistence
      • DC Shadow
      • SID History
      • Skeleton key
      • GoldenGMSA
      • AdminSDHolder
      • Kerberos
        • Forged tickets
        • Delegation to KRBTGT
      • Certificate Services (AD-CS)
        • Certificate authority
        • Access controls
        • Golden certificate
      • 🛠️DACL abuse
      • Shadow Principals (PAM)
  • Web services
    • Reconnaissance
      • HTTP response headers
      • Comments and metadata
      • Error messages
      • Site crawling
      • Directory fuzzing
      • Subdomains enumeration
      • Subdomain & vhost fuzzing
      • Web Application Firewall (WAF)
      • Content Management System (CMS)
      • Other technologies
      • Known vulnerabilities
    • Configuration
      • Default credentials
      • HTTP methods
      • HTTP security headers
        • Clickjacking
        • MIME type sniffing
        • 🛠️CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
        • 🛠️CSP (Content Security Policy)
      • HTTP request smuggling
      • HTTP response splitting
      • Insecure Cookies
      • Denial of Service (DoS)
      • Identity and Access Management
        • 🛠️OAuth 2.0
    • Accounts and sessions
      • Security policies
      • Password change
      • 🛠️Password reset
      • Account creation
      • 🛠️Account deletion
      • 🛠️Logging in
    • User inputs
      • File inclusion
        • LFI to RCE
          • logs poisoning
          • phpinfo
          • file upload
          • PHP wrappers and streams
          • PHP session
          • /proc
        • RFI to RCE
      • Unrestricted file upload
      • SQL injection
      • XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)
      • CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
      • SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)
      • IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference)
      • ORED Open redirect
      • Content-Type juggling
      • XXE injection
      • Insecure JSON Web Tokens
      • 🛠️HTTP parameter pollution
      • 🛠️SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection)
      • 🛠️Insecure deserialization
      • 🛠️CRLF injection
      • 🛠️Arbitrary file download
      • 🛠️Directory traversal
      • 🛠️Null-byte injection
  • Systems & services
    • Reconnaissance
      • 🛠️Hosts discovery
      • Port scanning
    • Initial access (protocols)
      • 🛠️FTP
      • 🛠️SSH
      • 🛠️Telnet
      • 🛠️DNS
      • 🛠️HTTP
      • 🛠️Kerberos
      • 🛠️LDAP
      • 🛠️SMB
      • 🛠️RTSP
      • 🛠️MSSQL
      • 🛠️NFS
      • 🛠️MySQL
      • 🛠️RDP
      • 🛠️WinRM
    • Initial access (phishing)
    • Privilege escalation
      • Windows
        • 🛠️Credential dumping
        • 🛠️Unquoted path
        • 🛠️Scheduled tasks
        • 🛠️Weak service permissions
        • 🛠️Vulnerable drivers
        • 🛠️Account privileges
        • 🛠️Kernel exploitation
        • 🛠️Windows Subsystem for Linux
        • 🛠️Runas saved creds
        • Unattend files
        • 🛠️Network secrets
        • 🛠️Living off the land
      • UNIX-like
        • SUDO
        • SUID/SGID binaries
        • 🛠️Capabilities
        • 🛠️Network secrets
        • 🛠️Living off the land
    • Pivoting
      • 🛠️Port forwarding
      • 🛠️SOCKS proxy
  • Evasion
    • (AV) Anti-Virus
      • 🛠️Loader
      • 🛠️Dropper
      • 🛠️Obfuscation
      • 🛠️Process injection
      • 🛠️Stealth with C2
    • 🛠️(EDR) Endpoint Detection and Response
  • 🛠️Physical
    • Locks
    • Networking
      • Network Access Control
    • Machines
      • HID injection
      • Keylogging
      • BIOS security
      • Encryption
      • Airstrike attack
    • Super secret zones
      • 🍌Banana & chocolate cake
      • 🍳Omelette du fromage
      • 🍔Burger du seigneur
      • 🥞The Pancakes of Heaven
  • 🛠️Intelligence gathering
    • CYBINT
      • Emails
      • Web infrastructure
    • OSINT
    • GEOINT
  • 🛠️RADIO
    • RFID
      • Mifare Classic
        • Default keys
        • Darkside
        • Nested
    • Bluetooth
    • Wi-Fi
      • 🛠️WEP
      • 🛠️WPA2
      • 🛠️WPS
    • Wireless keyboard/mouse
  • 🛠️mobile apps
    • Android
      • Android Debug Bridge ⚙️
      • APK transform
      • Magisk
    • iOS
      • Certificate pinning
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On this page
  • What is a Command & Control (C2) Reminder
  • Cobalt / Havoc

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  1. Evasion
  2. (AV) Anti-Virus

Stealth with C2

This technique can be used only after having obtained an initial access on the target

PreviousProcess injectionNext(EDR) Endpoint Detection and Response

Last updated 2 years ago

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This is a work-in-progress. It's indicated with the 🛠️ emoji in the page name or in the category name. Wanna help? Please reach out to me:

What is a Command & Control (C2) Reminder

Cobalt / Havoc

once you have a shell on the victim, one of the most discreet ways to execute code is through object file because the idea is to avoid creating a sub-process but rather to allocate memory to run code and then resume its initial size.

Object file

Here is an example of how to launch the BoF (Beacon Object File) once compiled. The source code is available and the goal is to verify if we are dealing with a virtual machine or not.

How to write BoF (Beacon Object File)

For example, if you need the RegCloseKey function.

In our case :

LSTATUS RegCloseKey(
  [in] HKEY hKey
);

Then, get the name of the library used (at the bottom of the page) in our case it is : Advapi32.lib

We have to structure it like this : DECLSPEC_IMPORT LSTATUS WINAPI <lib>$<Function>(<Args List>);

Still in our case, we will get this: DECLSPEC_IMPORT LSTATUS WINAPI ADVAPI32$RegCloseKey(HKEY);

Simply use the function like this in our code: ADVAPI32$RegCloseKeyA(hKey);

It is also possible to load a library and then call the method using methods like GetProcAddress or LoadLibraryA.

Below is an example of how to use this approach:

Look at the Windows documentation (in our example ) to get the list of the arguments.

In addition, to use theses functions download the library "beacon.h" available .

More information at this URL: .

🛠️
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winreg/nf-winreg-regclosekey
here
https://hstechdocs.helpsystems.com/manuals/cobaltstrike/current/userguide/content/topics/beacon-object-files_main.htm
@_nwodtuhs
here
bof-collection/getAV-ll.c at main · CMEPW/bof-collectionGitHub
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