The Hacker Recipes
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  • Introduction
  • Active Directory
    • Reconnaissance
      • DHCP
      • DNS
      • NBT-NS
      • Responder ⚙️
      • Port scanning
      • LDAP
      • BloodHound ⚙️
      • MS-RPC
      • enum4linux ⚙️
      • Password policy
    • Movement
      • Credentials
        • Dumping
          • SAM & LSA secrets
          • DPAPI secrets
          • NTDS secrets
          • LSASS secrets
          • DCSync
          • Group Policy Preferences
          • Network shares
          • Network protocols
          • Web browsers
          • In-memory secrets
          • Kerberos key list
          • 🛠️Cached Kerberos tickets
          • 🛠️Windows Credential Manager
          • 🛠️Local files
          • 🛠️Password managers
        • Cracking
        • Bruteforcing
          • Guessing
          • Spraying
          • Stuffing
        • Shuffling
        • Impersonation
      • MITM and coerced auths
        • ARP poisoning
        • DNS spoofing
        • DHCP poisoning
        • DHCPv6 spoofing
        • WSUS spoofing
        • LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS spoofing
        • ADIDNS poisoning
        • WPAD spoofing
        • MS-EFSR abuse (PetitPotam)
        • MS-RPRN abuse (PrinterBug)
        • MS-FSRVP abuse (ShadowCoerce)
        • MS-DFSNM abuse (DFSCoerce)
        • PushSubscription abuse
        • WebClient abuse (WebDAV)
        • 🛠️NBT Name Overwrite
        • 🛠️ICMP Redirect
        • 🛠️Living off the land
      • NTLM
        • Capture
        • Relay
        • Pass the hash
      • Kerberos
        • Pre-auth bruteforce
        • Pass the key
        • Overpass the hash
        • Pass the ticket
        • Pass the cache
        • Forged tickets
          • Silver tickets
          • Golden tickets
          • Diamond tickets
          • Sapphire tickets
          • RODC Golden tickets
          • MS14-068
        • ASREQroast
        • ASREProast
        • Kerberoast
        • Delegations
          • (KUD) Unconstrained
          • (KCD) Constrained
          • (RBCD) Resource-based constrained
          • S4U2self abuse
          • Bronze Bit
        • Shadow Credentials
        • UnPAC the hash
        • Pass the Certificate
        • sAMAccountName spoofing
        • SPN-jacking
      • DACL abuse
        • AddMember
        • ForceChangePassword
        • Targeted Kerberoasting
        • ReadLAPSPassword
        • ReadGMSAPassword
        • Grant ownership
        • Grant rights
        • Logon script
        • Rights on RODC object
      • Group policies
      • Trusts
      • Netlogon
        • ZeroLogon
      • Certificate Services (AD-CS)
        • Certificate templates
        • Certificate authority
        • Access controls
        • Unsigned endpoints
        • Certifried
      • SCCM / MECM
        • Privilege escalation
        • Post-exploitation
      • Exchange services
        • 🛠️PrivExchange
        • 🛠️ProxyLogon
        • 🛠️ProxyShell
      • Print Spooler Service
        • PrinterBug
        • PrintNightmare
      • Schannel
        • Pass the Certificate
      • Built-ins & settings
        • Security groups
        • MachineAccountQuota
        • Pre-Windows 2000 computers
        • RODC
    • Persistence
      • DC Shadow
      • SID History
      • Skeleton key
      • GoldenGMSA
      • AdminSDHolder
      • Kerberos
        • Forged tickets
        • Delegation to KRBTGT
      • Certificate Services (AD-CS)
        • Certificate authority
        • Access controls
        • Golden certificate
      • 🛠️DACL abuse
      • Shadow Principals (PAM)
  • Web services
    • Reconnaissance
      • HTTP response headers
      • Comments and metadata
      • Error messages
      • Site crawling
      • Directory fuzzing
      • Subdomains enumeration
      • Subdomain & vhost fuzzing
      • Web Application Firewall (WAF)
      • Content Management System (CMS)
      • Other technologies
      • Known vulnerabilities
    • Configuration
      • Default credentials
      • HTTP methods
      • HTTP security headers
        • Clickjacking
        • MIME type sniffing
        • 🛠️CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
        • 🛠️CSP (Content Security Policy)
      • HTTP request smuggling
      • HTTP response splitting
      • Insecure Cookies
      • Denial of Service (DoS)
      • Identity and Access Management
        • 🛠️OAuth 2.0
    • Accounts and sessions
      • Security policies
      • Password change
      • 🛠️Password reset
      • Account creation
      • 🛠️Account deletion
      • 🛠️Logging in
    • User inputs
      • File inclusion
        • LFI to RCE
          • logs poisoning
          • phpinfo
          • file upload
          • PHP wrappers and streams
          • PHP session
          • /proc
        • RFI to RCE
      • Unrestricted file upload
      • SQL injection
      • XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)
      • CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
      • SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)
      • IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference)
      • ORED Open redirect
      • Content-Type juggling
      • XXE injection
      • Insecure JSON Web Tokens
      • 🛠️HTTP parameter pollution
      • 🛠️SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection)
      • 🛠️Insecure deserialization
      • 🛠️CRLF injection
      • 🛠️Arbitrary file download
      • 🛠️Directory traversal
      • 🛠️Null-byte injection
  • Systems & services
    • Reconnaissance
      • 🛠️Hosts discovery
      • Port scanning
    • Initial access (protocols)
      • 🛠️FTP
      • 🛠️SSH
      • 🛠️Telnet
      • 🛠️DNS
      • 🛠️HTTP
      • 🛠️Kerberos
      • 🛠️LDAP
      • 🛠️SMB
      • 🛠️RTSP
      • 🛠️MSSQL
      • 🛠️NFS
      • 🛠️MySQL
      • 🛠️RDP
      • 🛠️WinRM
    • Initial access (phishing)
    • Privilege escalation
      • Windows
        • 🛠️Credential dumping
        • 🛠️Unquoted path
        • 🛠️Scheduled tasks
        • 🛠️Weak service permissions
        • 🛠️Vulnerable drivers
        • 🛠️Account privileges
        • 🛠️Kernel exploitation
        • 🛠️Windows Subsystem for Linux
        • 🛠️Runas saved creds
        • Unattend files
        • 🛠️Network secrets
        • 🛠️Living off the land
      • UNIX-like
        • SUDO
        • SUID/SGID binaries
        • 🛠️Capabilities
        • 🛠️Network secrets
        • 🛠️Living off the land
    • Pivoting
      • 🛠️Port forwarding
      • 🛠️SOCKS proxy
  • Evasion
    • (AV) Anti-Virus
      • 🛠️Loader
      • 🛠️Dropper
      • 🛠️Obfuscation
      • 🛠️Process injection
      • 🛠️Stealth with C2
    • 🛠️(EDR) Endpoint Detection and Response
  • 🛠️Physical
    • Locks
    • Networking
      • Network Access Control
    • Machines
      • HID injection
      • Keylogging
      • BIOS security
      • Encryption
      • Airstrike attack
    • Super secret zones
      • 🍌Banana & chocolate cake
      • 🍳Omelette du fromage
      • 🍔Burger du seigneur
      • 🥞The Pancakes of Heaven
  • 🛠️Intelligence gathering
    • CYBINT
      • Emails
      • Web infrastructure
    • OSINT
    • GEOINT
  • 🛠️RADIO
    • RFID
      • Mifare Classic
        • Default keys
        • Darkside
        • Nested
    • Bluetooth
    • Wi-Fi
      • 🛠️WEP
      • 🛠️WPA2
      • 🛠️WPS
    • Wireless keyboard/mouse
  • 🛠️mobile apps
    • Android
      • Android Debug Bridge ⚙️
      • APK transform
      • Magisk
    • iOS
      • Certificate pinning
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On this page
  • Theory
  • Practice
  • Manual obfuscation
  • Automatic obfuscation
  • Resources

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  1. Evasion
  2. (AV) Anti-Virus

Obfuscation

Lists of techniques used to hide your payload

PreviousDropperNextProcess injection

Last updated 2 years ago

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This is a work-in-progress. It's indicated with the 🛠️ emoji in the page name or in the category name. Wanna help? Please reach out to me:

Theory

Obfuscation is a way to hide a shellcode. generally symmetric algorithms are used

Practice

Manual obfuscation

Below is a list of ways that allow you to go under the radar of anti-virus software, so put all the chances on your side and use several techniques. You should also change the logo of the binary as well as its description and its creation date (sandboxes check that the binary is not too recent).

Shellcode encoding

For this part the principle is simple: camouflaged its active load, to do this you will need to code a function to encode, but also to decode, free to choose algorithm this technique works particularly well for static bypass.

Here is a link that will allow you to understand and write your first program:

Indirect syscall

the principle of this method is to call directly the memory addresses instead of using the API functions an article which explains things very well is .

Delayed execution

In order to compromise the machine discreetly, sleeps are also used a lot, There are several methods: WaitForSingleObjectEx, Foliage, Ekko, Deathsleep.

Disable ETW

There are several ways to disable logging, either via nt!EtwpStopTrace, or advapi32!EventWrite but also ntdll!ETWEventWrite.

Automatic obfuscation

Depending on your needs, you can use tools available for the most part on github, they are sorted by category below.

Packing

- https://github.com/phra/PEzor
- https://github.com/klezVirus/inceptor
- https://github.com/govolution/avet
- https://github.com/Nariod/RustPacker
- https://github.com/DavidBuchanan314/monomorph
- https://github.com/upx/upx

## Office macro
- https://github.com/sevagas/macro_pack
- https://github.com/optiv/Ivy

AMSI Bypass

- https://github.com/CCob/SharpBlock
- https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-Obfuscation
- https://github.com/klezVirus/Chameleon
- https://github.com/tokyoneon/Chimera

Entropy

LOLBIN

  RemComSvc - https://gist.github.com/snovvcrash/123945e8f06c7182769846265637fedb

Signature hiding

- https://github.com/optiv/ScareCrow
- https://github.com/paranoidninja/CarbonCopy

Resources

A good part of them are very well explained at the following address :

To better understand these keywords, I invite you to read this article: .

Another great resource : .

You can also find all the tools in the mindmap section.

🛠️
ℹ️
@_nwodtuhs
https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/code-injection-process-injection/writing-custom-shellcode-encoders-and-decoders
this one
https://evasions.checkpoint.com/techniques/timing.html#delayed-execution
https://www.binarly.io/posts/Design_issues_of_modern_EDRs_bypassing_ETW-based_solutions/index.html
https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/03/hiding-your-net-etw/
GitHub - kleiton0x00/Shelltropy: A technique of hiding malicious shellcode via Shannon encoding.GitHub
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